Changing the timeout delay for wrong logins on linux has a lot of details, in my case the TL;DR was:

1. /etc/pam.d/login change the number, in microseconds;
2. disable delays completely in /etc/pam.d/common-auth by adding nodelay to: auth [success=1 default=ignore] pam_unix.so nullok_secure nodelay

The second one works also for everything inheriting that, which is a lot.